I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Verb 1 + ….
They
/ We
I / You
|
Subject
+ Verb s-es + ….
He
/
She
It
|
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk
menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi
berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The
students go to school everyday.
She
studies English twice a week.
I
go to church on Sundays
We
celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The
sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The
earth revolves round the sun.
The
pineapple never grows up on a tree.
c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
- Every morning/day/week/month/year
- Once, twice, three times, four times, …
- Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.
2. Present Continuous Tense
POLA
:
Subyek
+ to be (is, am, are) + V-ing
|
FUNGSI;
- Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.
Contoh:
They
are still playing at the moment.
She
is reading a novel now.
- Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr.
Brown is teaching English.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this
evening, right now, today.
Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!,
Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses
nya Present Continuous.
Contoh: *
Look! The man is climbing.
* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.
3.
Present Perfect Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Have + Verb 3 + ….
Has
|
FUNGSI :
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang
terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.
Contoh
:
William
Shakespeare has written many short
stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean
now.
- Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:
My
friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta
has visited her grand parents many
times.
KETERANGAN
WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :
Subject
+ Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has
|
FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih
berlangsung.
Contoh:
My
sister has been studying English for
three months.
The
students have been doing the test
since 11 o’clock.
KETERANGAN
WAKTU: For, since.
5.
Simple Past Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Verb 2 + Object + ….
|
FUNGSI:
Untuk
menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My
mother bought a new carpet last
Sunday.
Rendy
closed the window five minutes ago.
The
students presented their project
work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
-
Last
…. - …ago - This afternoon
-
Just
now - This morning -
Yesterday
6.
Past Continuous Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ was + Verb- ing
were
|
FUNGSI:
- Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friend’s house.
My
parents were chatting in the living
room.
- Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:
When
I was studying, someone knocked the
door.
When
I was walking to school, I met Dian
sastro.
7.
Past Perfect tense
POLA:
Subject
+ Had + Verb 3
|
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang
terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.
Contoh:
The
teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
When
I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN
WAKTU: when, after, before.
8.
Future Tense
POLA:
Subject
+ shall + Verb 1 + …
will
|
FUNGSI:
- Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby
will come here tomorrow.
I
shall call my parents when I get home.
- Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy
will be fourteen years old next year.
We
shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow,
next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.
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